# Ipamorelin References: The Studies, Cited in Full

> Ipamorelin references: every study cited on this site, with authors, journals, DOIs, and PubMed links — from the 1998 founding paper to the 2026 reviews.

Every number on this site traces to one of these. Pull them up yourself.

## How to read this list

These are the ipamorelin references behind every cited claim on the site, numbered to match the bracketed [N] markers throughout. The set runs from the 1998 founding characterization to three 2026 reviews. A few entries are deliberately flagged as class-level — studies of related growth-hormone-releasing peptides (GHRP-2, GHRP-6, hexarelin) or a different GHS-R1a agonist — used where the principle applies to ipamorelin's receptor class but the study didn't test ipamorelin itself. We mark those inline so you always know when you're reading direct ipamorelin data versus class-level reasoning. Where a DOI or PubMed link exists, it's included so you can verify each one at the source.

## References

[1] Raun K, Hansen BS, Johansen NL, Thogersen H, Madsen K, Ankersen M, Andersen PH. Ipamorelin, the first selective growth hormone secretagogue. Eur J Endocrinol. 1998;139(5):552-561. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9849822/
[2] Gobburu JV, Agerso H, Jusko WJ, Ynddal L. Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling of ipamorelin, a growth hormone releasing peptide, in human volunteers. Pharm Res. 1999;16(9):1412-1416. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10496658/
[3] Beck DE, Sweeney WB, McCarter MD; Ipamorelin 201 Study Group. Prospective, randomized, controlled, proof-of-concept study of the ghrelin mimetic ipamorelin for the management of postoperative ileus in bowel resection patients. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2014;29(12):1527-1534. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25331030/
[4] Johansen PB, Nowak J, Skjaerbaek C, Flyvbjerg A, Andreassen TT, Wilken M, Orskov H. Ipamorelin, a new growth-hormone-releasing peptide, induces longitudinal bone growth in rats. Growth Horm IGF Res. 1999;9(2):106-113. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10373343/
[5] Lu Z, Ngan MP, Liu JYH, Yang L, Tu L, Chan SW, Giuliano C, Lovati E, Pietra C, Rudd JA. The growth hormone secretagogue receptor 1a agonists, anamorelin and ipamorelin, inhibit cisplatin-induced weight loss in ferrets: Anamorelin also exhibits anti-emetic effects via a central mechanism. Physiol Behav. 2024;284:114644. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39043357/
[6] Stokes AH, Falls JG, Yoon L, Cariello N, Faiola B, Colton HM, Jordan HL, Berridge BR. Integrated approach to early detection of cardiovascular toxicity induced by a ghrelin receptor agonist [GSK894281; a related GHS-R1a agonist, not ipamorelin]. Int J Toxicol. 2015;34(2):151-161. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25722321/
[7] Camilleri M, et al. Actions and therapeutic pathways of ghrelin for gastrointestinal disorders [review; class-level, ghrelin / GHS-R1a agonists]. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2009;6:343-352. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19434096/
[8] Zatorski H, et al. Relamorelin and other ghrelin receptor agonists - future options for gastroparesis, functional dyspepsia and proton pump inhibitors-resistant non-erosive reflux disease [review; class-level, shared GHS-R1a target]. J Physiol Pharmacol. 2017;68:797-805. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29550791/
[9] Bowers CY, et al. GHRP-2, GHRH and SRIF interrelationships during chronic administration of GHRP-2 to humans [class-level; uses GHRP-2]. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 1996;9 Suppl 3:261-270. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8887169/
[10] Massoud AF, et al. Interaction of the growth hormone releasing peptide hexarelin with somatostatin [class-level; uses hexarelin]. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1997;47:537-547. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9425393/
[11] Yagi H, et al. Effect of intravenous or intracerebroventricular injections of His-D-Trp-Ala-Trp-D-Phe-Lys-NH2 on GH release in conscious, freely moving male rats [class-level; GHRP-6-class peptide]. Neuroendocrinology. 1996;63:198-206. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9053785/
[12] Bercu BB, et al. Role of selected endogenous peptides in growth hormone-releasing hexapeptide activity: analysis of growth hormone-releasing hormone, thyroid hormone-releasing hormone, and gonadotropin-releasing hormone [class-level; GHRP-6]. Endocrinology. 1992;130:2579-2586. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1315249/
[13] Mendias CL, et al. Safety and Efficacy of Approved and Unapproved Peptide Therapies for Musculoskeletal Injuries and Athletic Performance. Sports Med. 2026. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41966639/
[14] Villegas Meza AD, et al. Injectable Peptides in Sports Medicine: A Structured Narrative Review of Evidence, Safety, and Antidoping Implications. JBJS Rev. 2026. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42160466/
[15] Coutinho LFD, et al. A new era of doping? Use of peptide and peptide-analog drugs in recreational and professional sport and bodybuilding: a critical review. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2026. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41880199/

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It says shop; it sells nothing — just a zine pinning ipamorelin's never-approved, pulled-from-the-503A-list, banned-in-sport record next to what the studies actually measured.